在 React Native 中实现相机功能
**作者:Chimezie Innocent✏️**
我将在本文中介绍一些内容,包括如何从现已弃用的“react-native-camera”迁移到强大的“react-native-vision-camera”,处理权限,优化性能,以及实现自定义 UI 和人脸检测等高级用例等功能。
最后,您将拥有构建可用于生产环境的相机体验的工具,以满足您的应用需求。我还将在本文中将“react-native-vision-camera”称为 VisionCamera。
安装 VisionCamera
对于本文,我们将使用“react-native-vision-camera”包。
要安装 VisionCamera,请运行以下命令:
/* Expo */ npx expo install react-native-vision-camera
接下来,我们将通过将 VisionCamera 添加到“app.json”文件中的插件数组来配置它:
{ "name": "camera-app", "slug": "camera-app", "plugins": [ [ "react-native-vision-camera", { "cameraPermissionText": "$(PRODUCT_NAME) needs access to your Camera.", "enableMicrophonePermission": true, "microphonePermissionText": "$(PRODUCT_NAME) needs access to your Microphone." } ] ] }
接下来,安装“expo-dev-client”包。此包将默认的应用内开发工具替换为支持网络调试、支持启动更新等的工具。要安装该包,请运行以下命令:
npx expo install expo-dev-client
预先构建您的应用程序以编译并应用更改:
npx expo prebuild
最后,使用以下命令在您的设备上运行开发版本:
eas build --profile development --platform android
如果您遇到“无法将元数据上传到 EAS Build”错误,这是因为 eas 不知道您要上传哪些文件。要修复此错误,只需使用“git init”初始化您的目录即可。
从 react-native-camera 迁移到 react-native-vision-camera
以前,“react-native-camera”是实现相机功能的首选软件包。它已被弃用且无人维护了一段时间,因此您必须迁移到“react-native-vision-camera”。
典型的 `react-native-camera` 实现如下所示:
import { RNCamera } from 'react-native-camera'; const Camera = () => ();
要使用 `react-native-vision-camera`,请从包中导入相机组件、设备和权限挂钩。`useCameraDevice` 挂钩用于选择要使用的相机类型,即后置或前置摄像头,而 `useCameraPermission` 挂钩允许您请求权限并检查权限状态:
import { useEffect } from "react"; import { Camera, useCameraDevice, useCameraPermission, } from "react-native-vision-camera"; const NewCamera = () => { const device = useCameraDevice("back"); const { hasPermission, requestPermission } = useCameraPermission(); useEffect(() => { if (!hasPermission) { requestPermission(); } }, [hasPermission]); if (!hasPermission) return null; if (device == null) return null; return (); };
处理相机权限
在使用相机组件之前,你必须授予应用程序权限。幸运的是,“react-native-vision-camera”有一个钩子可以让我们轻松地做到这一点:
import { useCameraPermission } from "react-native-vision-camera"; export default function HomeScreen() { const { hasPermission, requestPermission } = useCameraPermission(); if (!hasPermission) { return (); } return( .... )} Camera App requires permission. Grant Permission
`hasPermission` 返回一个布尔值,告诉我们是否已授予权限。如果用户尚未授予权限,则会显示一个按钮,要求用户授予权限。`react-native-vision-camera` 导出一个名为 `requestPermission` 的函数,我们将其用于此目的,该函数返回一个承诺。
最后,我们可以处理完整的相机权限:
import React from "react"; import { View, Text, StyleSheet, TouchableOpacity } from "react-native"; import { Camera, useCameraDevice, useCameraPermission, } from "react-native-vision-camera"; export default function HomeScreen() { const device = useCameraDevice("back"); const { hasPermission, requestPermission } = useCameraPermission(); if (!hasPermission || !device) { return (); } return ( Camera App requires permission. Grant Permission ); } const styles = StyleSheet.create({ container: { flex: 1, justifyContent: "center", alignItems: "center", backgroundColor: "black", }, permissionView: { flex: 1, justifyContent: "center", alignItems: "center", backgroundColor: "#fff", }, permissionText: { fontSize: 18, marginBottom: 20, }, permissionButton: { backgroundColor: "#007BFF", paddingVertical: 12, paddingHorizontal: 24, borderRadius: 6, }, permissionButtonText: { color: "#fff", fontSize: 16, }, });
在上面的代码中,如果 `hasPermission` 返回 true,表示已授予相机权限,我们将继续使用相机。但如果 state 为 false,则表示未授予权限,我们必须请求权限。最后,我们将使用后置摄像头,因为我们在 `useCameraDevice` 挂钩中明确说明了这一点。
使用案例
现在,我们已经实现了相机权限,我们可以开始实现我们的功能了。让我们深入了解一下我们将要实现的一些相机用例。
拍摄照片
为了拍照,我们将为相机创建一个 ref,并使用该 ref 调用 `takePhoto({})` 方法。`takePhoto({})` 方法接受诸如 flash、`enableShutterSound`、`path`、`enableAutoRedEyeReduction` 等选项。
我们现在只会调用 flash 和 `enableShutterSound`:
const cameraRef = useRef(null); const takePhoto = async () => { if (cameraRef.current) { const { path } = await cameraRef.current.takePhoto({ flash: "on", enableShutterSound: true, }); console.log(path); //save to camera roll here } else { Alert.alert("Camera not ready"); } };
点击按钮,路径将被记录到你的控制台。获取路径后,你可以将其保存到相机胶卷中。
要将图片保存到相机胶卷,请安装此软件包:
npm install @react-native-camera-roll/camera-roll
重建您的应用程序,以便更改或新包能够生效。
该包导出一个“CameraRoll”,它为我们提供对本地相机胶卷或照片库的访问。使用该方法,我们可以像这样保存图像:
const takePhoto = async () => { if (cameraRef.current) { const { path } = await cameraRef.current.takePhoto({ flash: "on", enableShutterSound: true, }); await CameraRoll.saveAsset(`file://${path}`, { type: "photo", }); } else { Alert.alert("Camera not ready"); } };
转到相机胶卷,您将看到刚刚捕获的图像。
完整代码如下:
import React, { useRef } from "react"; import { View, Text, Alert, StyleSheet, TouchableOpacity } from "react-native"; import { Camera, useCameraDevice, useCameraPermission, } from "react-native-vision-camera"; import { CameraRoll } from "@react-native-camera-roll/camera-roll"; export default function HomeScreen() { const cameraRef = useRef(null); const device = useCameraDevice("back"); const { hasPermission, requestPermission } = useCameraPermission(); const takePhoto = async () => { if (cameraRef.current) { const { path } = await cameraRef.current.takePhoto({ flash: "on", enableShutterSound: true, }); await CameraRoll.saveAsset(`file://${path}`, { type: "photo", }); } else { Alert.alert("Camera not ready"); } }; if (!hasPermission || !device) { return ( ); } return ( Camera App requires permission. Grant Permission ); } const styles = StyleSheet.create({ container: { flex: 1, justifyContent: "center", alignItems: "center", backgroundColor: "black", }, permissionView: { flex: 1, justifyContent: "center", alignItems: "center", backgroundColor: "#fff", }, permissionText: { fontSize: 18, marginBottom: 20, }, permissionButton: { backgroundColor: "#007BFF", paddingVertical: 12, paddingHorizontal: 24, borderRadius: 6, }, permissionButtonText: { color: "#fff", fontSize: 16, }, takePhoto: { position: "absolute", bottom: 80, width: 70, height: 70, borderRadius: 50, backgroundColor: "#fff", padding: 4, }, takePhotoButton: { borderWidth: 2, borderColor: "#000", backgroundColor: "#fff", borderRadius: 50, width: "100%", height: "100%", }, });
录制视频
接下来,我们将实现录制视频。与拍照类似,我们将使用“cameraRef”来录制视频:
const startRecording = async () => { if (cameraRef.current) { try { cameraRef.current.startRecording({ flash: "off", onRecordingError: (error) => console.error("Recording error:", error), onRecordingFinished: async ({ path }) => { try { await CameraRoll.saveAsset(`file://${path}`, { type: "video" }); } catch (error) { console.error("Error saving video:", error); } }, }); } catch (error) { console.error("Error during recording:", error); } } };
`startRecording` 接受诸如 `flash`、`fileType`、`onRecordingError`、`onRecordingFinished` 等选项。
`flash` 有两个选项,分别为 `on` 和 `off`,`fileType` 允许您选择视频是 `mp4` 还是 `mov`,`onRecordingError` 允许您在录制视频时捕获运行时错误,而 `onRecordingFinished` 则在录制成功时调用,以便您可以将文件保存到相机胶卷中。
在我们的相机组件中,我们将视频和音频设置为“true”,因为我们想要使用视频功能:
您可能已经注意到,我们还没有实现结束视频录制的方法,所以我们的视频目前只能录制。
要结束或停止录音,我们将使用一个状态并在录音开始时将其设置为“true”,然后当我们想要结束录音时将其设置为“false”:
const [isRecording, setIsRecording] = useState(false); const startRecording = async () => { if (cameraRef.current) { try { if (isRecording) { await cameraRef.current.stopRecording(); setIsRecording(false); } else { cameraRef.current.startRecording({ flash: "off", onRecordingError: (error) => console.error("Recording error:", error), onRecordingFinished: async ({ path }) => { try { await CameraRoll.saveAsset(`file://${path}`, { type: "video" }); } catch (error) { console.error("Error saving video:", error); } }, }); setIsRecording(true); } } catch (error) { console.error("Error during recording:", error); } } };
类似地,我们将使用条件来更改视频录制开始和停止时的按钮样式。这是为了更好的用户体验:
自定义相机 UI
之前,我们实现了照片和视频捕捉,但本节重点介绍如何通过闪光灯切换、相机切换、应用内图库导航和录制计时器等功能增强用户体验。
这是我们将用于定制的`StyleSheet`:
const deviceWidth = Dimensions.get("window").width; const styles = StyleSheet.create({ container: { flex: 1, justifyContent: "center", alignItems: "center", backgroundColor: "black", }, permissionView: { flex: 1, justifyContent: "center", alignItems: "center", backgroundColor: "#fff", }, permissionText: { fontSize: 18, marginBottom: 20, }, permissionButton: { backgroundColor: "#007BFF", paddingVertical: 12, paddingHorizontal: 24, borderRadius: 6, }, permissionButtonText: { color: "#fff", fontSize: 16, }, galleryGrid: { flexDirection: "row", flexWrap: "wrap", justifyContent: "space-evenly", paddingBottom: 50, }, galleryPhotos: { width: deviceWidth / 3 - 1, height: 150, borderWidth: 2, borderColor: "#fff", marginVertical: 1, justifyContent: "flex-start", alignItems: "flex-start", borderRadius: 8, }, videoTimer: { position: "absolute", top: 50, fontSize: 24, fontWeight: "bold", color: "white", }, flash: { position: "absolute", top: 80, right: 20, }, slider: { position: "absolute", bottom: 150, width: "70%", }, textOverlayView: { position: "absolute", top: 80, left: 20, flexDirection: "row", justifyContent: "space-between", alignItems: "center", width: 100, }, textOverlayText: { fontSize: 20, color: "#fff", paddingVertical: 4, paddingHorizontal: 12, }, controlsView: { position: "absolute", bottom: 30, left: 0, right: 0, alignItems: "center", justifyContent: "space-between", flexDirection: "row", paddingHorizontal: 30, width: deviceWidth, }, photogallery: { width: 60, height: 60, borderRadius: 10, backgroundColor: "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1)", }, takePhoto: { width: 70, height: 70, borderRadius: 50, backgroundColor: "#fff", padding: 4, }, takePhotoButton: { borderWidth: 2, borderColor: "#000", backgroundColor: "#fff", borderRadius: 50, width: "100%", height: "100%", }, toggleCamera: { backgroundColor: "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1)", borderRadius: 50, alignItems: "center", justifyContent: "center", height: 60, width: 60, }, photoContainer: { position: "absolute", top: 50, left: 20, right: 20, backgroundColor: "rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)", padding: 10, borderRadius: 10, }, photoOverlay: { position: "absolute", bottom: 80, left: 20, width: 140, height: 170, borderRadius: 12, borderWidth: 1, borderColor: "#fff", overflow: "hidden", justifyContent: "center", alignItems: "center", zIndex: 2, }, photoImage: { width: "100%", height: "100%", }, });
首先,我们添加两个按钮和一个图片占位符。中间的按钮用于拍照,右边的按钮用于切换相机,而占位符图片用于打开图库:
我们之前安装的相机胶卷包有一个钩子,可以让我们轻松保存图像并从相机胶卷中获取照片。要检索图像,请调用“getPhotos()”方法获取前 20 张图像:
const [photos, getPhotos, save] = useCameraRoll();
将下面的代码复制到您的应用程序中,我将在下面解释:
import React, { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react"; import { View, Text, Image, Alert, Pressable, ScrollView, Dimensions, StyleSheet, TouchableOpacity, Platform, } from "react-native"; import { Camera, useCameraDevice, useCameraPermission, } from "react-native-vision-camera"; import { CameraRoll, PhotoIdentifier, useCameraRoll, } from "@react-native-camera-roll/camera-roll"; import { Entypo, MaterialIcons } from "@expo/vector-icons"; import { SafeAreaView } from "react-native-safe-area-context"; import { hasAndroidPermission } from "@/hooks/usePermission"; export default function HomeScreen() { const cameraRef = useRef(null); const [photos, getPhotos] = useCameraRoll(); const timerRef = useRef (null); const { hasPermission, requestPermission } = useCameraPermission(); const [toggleFrontCamera, setToggleFrontCamera] = useState(false); const device = useCameraDevice(toggleFrontCamera ? "front" : "back"); const [showPhoto, setShowPhoto] = useState(false); const [showGallery, setShowGallery] = useState(true); const [isRecording, setIsRecording] = useState(false); const [toggleVideo, setToggleVideo] = useState(false); const [videoTimer, setVideoTimer] = useState (0); const [photoUri, setPhotoUri] = useState (null); const [gallery, setGallery] = useState ([]); const [turnOnFlash, setTurnOnFlash] = useState<"off" | "on">("off"); useEffect(() => { const getGallery = () => { CameraRoll.getPhotos({ first: 1, assetType: "Photos", }) .then((photo) => { setGallery(photo.edges); }) .catch((err) => { console.error(err); }); }; getGallery(); return () => getGallery(); }, [photos, photoUri]); useEffect(() => { let timer: NodeJS.Timeout; if (showPhoto) { timer = setTimeout(() => { setShowPhoto(false); }, 3000); } return () => { clearTimeout(timer); }; }, [showPhoto]); const takePhoto = async () => { if (Platform.OS === "android" && !(await hasAndroidPermission())) { return; } if (cameraRef.current) { const { path } = await cameraRef.current.takePhoto({ flash: turnOnFlash, enableShutterSound: true, }); await CameraRoll.saveAsset(`file://${path}`, { type: "photo", }); setPhotoUri(path); setShowPhoto(true); } else { Alert.alert("Camera not ready"); } }; const startRecording = async () => { if (cameraRef.current) { try { if (isRecording) { await cameraRef.current.stopRecording(); setIsRecording(false); if (timerRef.current) { clearInterval(timerRef.current); timerRef.current = null; } } else { cameraRef.current.startRecording({ flash: turnOnFlash, onRecordingError: (error) => console.error("Recording error:", error), onRecordingFinished: async ({ path }) => { try { await CameraRoll.saveAsset(`file://${path}`, { type: "video" }); } catch (error) { console.error("Error saving video:", error); } if (timerRef.current) { clearInterval(timerRef.current); } }, }); setIsRecording(true); setVideoTimer(0); timerRef.current = setInterval(() => { setVideoTimer((prevTime) => prevTime + 1); }, 1000); } } catch (error) { console.error("Error during recording:", error); setIsRecording(false); if (timerRef.current) { clearInterval(timerRef.current); } } } }; const toggleFlash = () => { setTurnOnFlash((prev) => (prev === "on" ? "off" : "on")); }; const toggleCamera = () => { setToggleFrontCamera((prev) => !prev); }; const startVideoTimer = (timeInSeconds: number) => { const minutes = Math.floor(timeInSeconds / 60); const seconds = timeInSeconds % 60; return `${String(minutes).padStart(2, "0")}:${String(seconds).padStart( 2, "0" )}`; }; if (!hasPermission || !device) { return ( ); } return ( Camera App requires permission. Grant Permission {showGallery && photos.edges.length > 0 ? ( ); }) : ( <> setShowGallery(false)} style={{ margin: 10, marginVertical: 20, padding: 10, borderRadius: 5, backgroundColor: "#ccc", alignItems: "flex-end", marginLeft: "auto", }} > Back to Camera {photos.edges.map((item, index) => { return ( ); })} {showPhoto && photoUri && ( )} {isRecording && ( {startVideoTimer(videoTimer)} )}setToggleVideo(false)}> Photo setToggleVideo(true)}> Video {gallery.length > 0 ? ( gallery.splice(0, 1).map((item, index) => { return ( > )}{ getPhotos(); setShowGallery(true); }} key={index} > ); }) ) : ()} {toggleVideo ? ( ) : ( )}
从上面的代码中,首先,我们使用 `useCameraPermission` 检查用户是否有权访问相机。如果没有授予权限,则应用程序会提示用户授予相机访问权限。
接下来,我们有以下状态来处理我们的功能:
当用户在拍照模式下点击拍照按钮时,会使用 `cameraRef.current.takePhoto()` 拍摄一张照片,然后使用 `CameraRoll.saveAsset()` 保存到图库。照片的 URI 存储在 `photoUri` 状态中,并且 `showPhoto` 状态设置为 true 以临时显示它。
类似地,在视频模式下,按下视频按钮时使用 `cameraRef.current.startRecording()` 开始录制,计时器开始计时并通过 `videoTimer` 状态进行跟踪。计时器也显示在屏幕顶部中央。当用户结束视频录制时,视频将保存到图库中,然后清除计时器。
还有闪光灯控制(`turnOnFlash`)来切换相机闪光灯的`开`和`关`,一个切换相机按钮,使用`toggleFrontCamera`在前置和后置摄像头之间切换,以及左下角的可按图像,可将用户带到图库查看器。
QR 码扫描仪
使用相机的另一个好用例是实现二维码和条形码扫描。对于此实现,“react-native-vision-camera”有一个扫描仪实例,可用于检测代码。
首先,在 `app.json` 文件中启用代码扫描器:
{ "name": "my app", "plugins": [ [ "react-native-vision-camera", { // ... "enableCodeScanner": true } ] ] }
接下来,让我们创建实例并将其传递给我们的相机流:
const codeScanner = useCodeScanner({ codeTypes: ["qr", "ean-13", "upc-a"], onCodeScanned: (codes) => { for (const code of codes) { console.log(`Scanned ${code.type}: ${code.frame}, ${code.value}`); } }, }); return ()
尝试扫描任何条形码,您将获得准确的值。
人脸检测
另一个很好的用例是人脸检测。能够在图像和视频中识别和定位人脸是一个现实世界的场景,广泛应用于从摄影到安全系统等各个领域。
对于人脸检测,我们需要 `react-native-vision-camera` 的帧处理器。在此之前,我们将安装 Worklets,它将帮助我们在单独的线程上运行 JavaScript 函数。
要安装 Worklets 和我们将用于人脸检测的包,请运行以下命令:
npm i react-native-worklets-core vision-camera-face-detector
接下来,在您的 `babel.config.js` 文件中,添加下面的插件。如果您使用 Expo,请创建文件并添加插件,如下所示:
module.exports = { plugins: [ ['react-native-worklets-core/plugin'], ], }
要实现人脸检测,请参阅以下代码:
import { StyleSheet } from "react-native"; import { Camera, useCameraDevice, useFrameProcessor, } from "react-native-vision-camera"; import { Worklets } from "react-native-worklets-core"; import { scanFaces } from "vision-camera-face-detector"; export default function App() { const device = useCameraDevice("back"); const faceDetectionProcessor = useFrameProcessor((frame) => { "worklet"; try { const detectedFaces = scanFaces(frame); if (detectedFaces) { Worklets.createRunOnJS((detectedFaces) => { console.log(detectedFaces); }); } } catch (error) { console.log("Error scanning faces", error); } }, []); return ( <>> ); }
结论
相机功能还有其他多种用例,从运动检测器到图像标记器和物体检测。面部识别是一种流行且普遍的用例,其中相机功能可用于验证应用程序。
您可以在此处找到我们在以上部分中看到的实现的完整源代码。
如果您想尝试其他用例,在这里您将找到几个可以与 VisionCamera 和相机应用程序集成的插件。
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